Electrical Engineering

How do basic components like resistors, capacitors, and transistors shape electronic behavior? What makes digital circuits different from analog ones? How do engineers simulate circuits before building physical prototypes? Why do small design changes sometimes cause big performance differences? What electronic device could you not imagine living without?

How is electricity generated from wind, solar, nuclear, and fossil-fuel sources? Why is AC power used for grids while DC dominates electronics? How do power grids maintain stability despite fluctuating demand? What challenges come with building a renewable-heavy grid? How does your region generate most of its electricity?

How do tiny semiconductor structures form the basis of modern computing? What manufacturing steps are required to produce a microchip? Why is chip design now a geopolitical and economic issue? What limits exist in shrinking transistors further? Which consumer device demonstrates the power of microelectronics to you personally?

How do signals travel across fiber optics, satellites, and wireless networks? What distinguishes 4G, 5G, and future communication technologies? How do engineers reduce noise and interference in communication channels? What privacy and security issues arise in modern communication systems? How has communication technology changed your daily life?

What is feedback control, and why is it vital in robotics, aviation, and manufacturing? How do sensors and actuators work together in automated systems? What design challenges arise when humans must supervise automated processes? How might increasing automation reshape the workforce? Which automated system impresses or concerns you the most?